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U2010B
Phase-Control IC - Current Feedback, Overload Protection
Description
The U2010B is designed as a phase-control circuit in bipolar technology. It enables load-current detection and has a soft-start function as well as reference voltage output. Motor control with load-current feedback and overload protection are preferred applications.
Features
D Full wave current sensing D Mains supply variation compensated D Programmable load-current limitation with over- and high-load output D Variable soft start D Voltage and current synchronization D Automatic retriggering switchable D Triggering pulse typical 125 mA D Internal supply-voltage monitoring D Current requirement v 3 mA D Temperature-compensated reference voltage
Applications
D Advanced motor control D Grinder D Drilling machine
Block Diagram
15 Limiting detector Automatic retriggering Current detector 16 Pulse output 1 Load current detector 2 3 Level shift 4 5 6 Voltage monitoring Soft start 7 Phase control unit o = f (V4) Output - 1 2 Full wave rectifier + Voltage detector 14 Overload Mains voltage compensation 13 12 11 Supply voltage 10 G N AD 9
High load
100% 70% a max
B Programmable Auto- start overload protection C Imax
U2010B
Reference voltage 8
Figure 1. Block diagram
Ordering Information
Extended Type Number U2010B-x U2010B-xFP U2010B-xFPG3 Package DIP16 SO16 SO16 Tube Tube Taped and reeled Remarks
Rev. A4, 23-Nov-00
1 (13)
The U2010B contains voltage limiting and can be connected with the mains supply via D1 and R1. Supply voltage * between Pin 10 and Pin 11 * is smoothed by C1.
Mains Supply
General Description
U2010B
2 (13) Rev. A4, 23-Nov-00
230 V ~
18 k W /2 W R1 R2 330 kW Load 15 Limiting detector Voltage detector 14 a max R8 470 kW
D1 BYT51K
D3 LED
VS 13 Overload 12 11 Supply voltage 10 GND C1 22 mF
Mains voltage compensation
High load
Automatic retriggering Output TIC 226 R3 180W R4 3.3 kW 16 Current detector
100%
70%
A a max B Auto- start C Imax 9
Mode A B C S1
Figure 2. Block diagram with external circuit
Phase control unit o = f (V4 )
-
1
2
+
Full wave rectifier
Programmable overload protection
Voltage monitoring 1 Load current detector 2 Level shift 3 4 5 C5 0.1 m F C3 10 nF 0.15 m F C4 R14 P1 50 kW Set point R7 R11 1 MW 6
U2010B
In the case of V6 v (70% of overload threshold voltage), Pins 11 and 12 are connected internally whereby Vsat v 1.2 V. When V6 w VT70, the supply current flows across D3.
Soft start 7 C2 4.7 m F Overload threshold
Reference voltage 8
R6
^ V(R6)= $250 mV R5 3.3 k W
R10
100 kW Load current compensation
C7 1 mF
U2010B
Pin Description
Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Symbol Isense Isense Co Control Comp. ILoad Csoft VRef Mode GND VS Overload VRo VSync. Output Function Load current sensing Load current sensing Ramp voltage Control input Compensation output Load current limitation Soft start Reference voltage Mode selection Ground Supply voltage Csoft VRef 7 8 10 GND 9 Mode Overload indication Ramp current adjust Voltage synchronization Trigger output
Figure 3. Pinning
Isense 1 Isense 2 Co Control 3 4
16 Output 15 VSync. 14 VRo 13 Overload 12 High load 11 VS
U2010B
Comp. 5 ILoad 6
High load High load indication
Series resistance R1 can be calculated as follows: V - V Smax R 1max + mains 2 I tot where: Vmains + Mains supply voltage VSmax + Maximum supply voltage Itot + Total current consumption = ISmax )Ix ISmax + Maximum current consumption of the IC Ix + Current consumption of the external components
value on the control input, Pin 4. The slope of the ramp is determined by Co and its charging current Io. The charging current can be varied using Ro at Pin 14. The maximum phase angle, max, can also be adjusted by using Ro (minimum current flow angle omin), see figure 5. When the potential on Pin 3 reaches the set point level of Pin 4, a trigger pulse width, tp, is determined from the value of Co (tp = 9 ms/nF). At the same time, a latch is set with the output pulse, as long as the automatic retriggering has not been activated, then no more pulses can be generated in that half cycle. Control input at Pin 4 (with respect to Pin 10) has an active range from V8 to -1 V. When V4 = V8, then the phase angle is at its maximum, max, i.e., the current flow angle is minimum. The minimum phase angle, min, is set with V4 w -1 V.
Voltage Monitoring
When the voltage is built up, uncontrolled output pulses are avoided by internal voltage monitoring. Apart from that, all latches in the circuit (phase control, load limit regulation) are reset and the soft-start capacitor is short circuited. This guarantees a specified start-up behavior each time the supply voltage is switched on or after short interruptions of the mains supply. Soft start is initiated after the supply voltage has been built up. This behavior guarantees a gentle start-up for the motor and automatically ensures the optimum run-up time.
Automatic Retriggering
The current-detector circuit monitors the state of the triac after triggering by measuring the voltage drop at the triac gate. A current flow through the triac is recognized when the voltage drop exceeds a threshold level of typ. 40 mV. If the triac is quenched within the relevant half-wave after triggering (for example owing to low load currents before or after the zero crossing of current wave, or for commutator motors, owing to brush lifters), the automatic retriggering circuit ensures immediate retriggering, if 3 (13)
Phase Control
The function of the phase control is largely identical to the well-known IC U211B. The phase angle of the trigger pulse is derived by comparing the ramp voltage V3 which is mains-synchronized by the voltage detector with the set Rev. A4, 23-Nov-00
U2010B
necessary with a high repetition rate, tpp/tp, until the triac remains reliably triggered.
Current Synchronization
Current synchronization fulfils two functions: * Monitoring the current flow after triggering. In case the triac extinguishes again or it does not switch on, automatic triggering is activated until the triggering is successful. * Avoiding a triggering due to inductive load. In the case of inductive load operation, the current synchronization ensures that in the new half wave no pulse is enabled as long as there is a current available from the previous half wave, which flows from the opposite polarity to the actual supply voltage. A special feature of the integrated circuit is the realization of this current synchronization. The device evaluates the voltage at the pulse output between gate and reference electrode of the triac. This results in saving separate current synchronization input with specified series resistance.
If the mains voltage compensation and the automatic retriggering are not required, both functions can be suppressed by limiting |V15 - 10| v 7 V, see figure 4.
Load-Current Compensation
The circuit continuously measures the load current as a voltage drop at resistance R6. The evaluation and use of both half waves results in a quick reaction to load-current change. Due to voltage at resistance R6, there is a difference between both input currents at Pins 1 and 2. This difference controls the internal current source, whose positive current values are available at Pins 5 and 6. The output current generated at Pin 5 contains the difference from the load-current detection and from the mains voltage compensation, see figure 2. The effective control voltage at Pin 4 is the final current at Pin 5 together with the desired value network. An increase of mains voltage causes the increase of control angle , an increase of load current results in a decrease in the control angle. This avoids a decrease in revolution by increasing the load as well as an increase of revolution by the increment of mains supply voltage.
Voltage Synchronization with Mains Voltage Compensation
The voltage detector synchronizes the reference ramp with the mains supply voltage. At the same time, the mains-dependent input current at Pin 15 is shaped and rectified internally. This current activates the automatic retriggering and at the same time is available at Pin 5. By suitable dimensioning, it is possible to obtain the specified compensation effect. Automatic retriggering and mains voltage compensation are not activated until |V15 - 10| increases to 8 V. The resistance Rsync. defines the width of the zero voltage cross over pulse, synchronization current, and hence the mains supply voltage compensation current. Mains R2 15 2x BZX55 C6V2 10
Figure 4. Suppression of mains voltage compensation and retrigger automatic
Load-Current Limitation
The total output load current is available at Pin 6. It results in a voltage drop across R11. When the potential of the load current reaches about 70% of the threshold value (VT70), i.e., about 4.35 V at Pin 6, it switches the high-load comparator and opens the switch between Pins 11 and 12. By using an LED between these pins (11 and 12), a high-load indication can be realized. If the potential at Pin 6 increases to about 6.2 V (= VT100), it switches the overload comparator. The result is programmable at Pin 9 (operation mode). Mode selection: a) max (V9 = 0) In this mode of operation, Pin 13 switches to -VS (Pin 11) and Pin 6 to GND (Pin 10) after V6 has reached the threshold VT100. A soft-start capacitor is then shorted and the control angle is switched to max. This position is maintained until the supply voltage is switched off. The motor can be started again with soft-start function when the power is switched on again. As the overload condition switches Pin 13 to Pin 11, it is possible to use a smaller control angle, max, by connecting a further resistance between Pins 13 and 14.
U2010B
4 (13)
Rev. A4, 23-Nov-00
U2010B
b) Auto start (Pin 9 * open), see figure 12 The circuit behaves as described under max (V9 = 0), with the exception that Pin 6 is not connected to GND. If the value of V6 decreases to 25% of the threshold value (VT25), the circuit becomes active again with soft start. c) Imax (V9 = V8), see figure 14 When V6 has reached the maximum overload threshold value (i.e., V6 = VT100), Pin 13 is switched to Pin 8 (VRef) through the resistance R (= 2 kW) without soft-start capacitor discharging at Pin 7. With this mode of operation, direct load-current control (Imax) is possible.
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Reference point Pin 10, unless otherwise specified Parameter Sink current t v 10 ms Sync. currents Phase control Control voltage Input current Charging current Soft start Input voltage Pulse output Input voltage Reference voltage source Output current t v 10 ms Load-current sensing Input currents Input voltages Overload output High-load output t v 10 ms Pins 1 and 2 Pins 5 and 6 Pin 13 Pin 12
" Ii - Vi
Symbol Pin 11 Pin 15 -IS -is
"IsyncV "isyncV
Value 30 100 5 20 0 - V8 500 0.5 0 - V8 2 V11 10 30 1 0 - V8 1 30 100 *40 to )125 125 *10 to )100
Unit mA mA mA mA V mA mA V V V mA mA mA V mA mA mA
C C C
t v 10 ms
Pins 4 and 8 Pin 4 Pin 14 Pins 7 and 8 Pin 16
-VI
" II
- I max -VI +VI -VI I0
Pin 8
IL IL Tstg Tj Tamb
Storage temperature range Junction temperature range Ambient temperature range
Thermal Resistance
Parameter Junction ambient DIP16 SO16 on p.c. SO16 on ceramic Symbol RthJA RthJA RthJA Value 120 180 100 Unit K/W K/W K/W
Rev. A4, 23-Nov-00
5 (13)
U2010B
Electrical Characteristics
VS + -13 V, Tamb = 25C, reference point Pin 10, unless otherwise specified Parameter Supply Supply-voltage limitation Current requirement Reference voltage source Reference voltage Temperature coefficient Voltage monitoring Turn-on threshold Phase control - synchronization Input current Voltage limitation Input current Reference ramp, see figure 5 Charging current Start voltage Temperature coefficient of start voltage Final voltage R - reference voltage Temperature coefficient Pulse output current Output pulse width Automatic retriggering Repetition rate Threshold voltage Soft start, see figures 8 and 9 Starting current Final current Discharge current Output current Pin 4 V7 = V8 V7-10 = -1V I15 w 150 mA Pin 16 Pin 7 -I0 -I0 +I0 +I0 5 15 0.5 0.2 2 10 25 15 40 mA mA mA mA tpp
"VI
Test Conditions / Pins Pin 11 -IS = 3.5 mA -IS = 30 mA -VS = 13.0 V (Pins 1, 2, 8 and 15 open) Pin 8 IL = 10 mA IL = 2.5 mA IS = 2.5 mA IS = 10 mA Pin 11
Symbol -VS -VS -IS
Min. 14.5 14.6
Typ.
Max. 16.5 16.8 3.2
Unit V V mA
-VRef -VRef TCVRef TCVRef -VSon Pin 15
"IsyncV "VsyncV
8.6 8.4
8.9 8.8 -0.004 +0.006 11.3
9.2 9.1
V V %/K %/K
12.3 2
V mA V mA mA V %/K
Voltage sync.
" IL = 2 mA
0.15 8.0 3 1 1.85 1.95 -0.003 (V8"200 mV) 0.96 1.02 0.03 0.06 100 125 30 8.5
9.0 30 100 2.05
Current sync.
Pin 16 Pin 14 Pin 3 Pin 3 Pin 3
"IsyncI
-I -Vmax TCR -Vmin VR TCVR TCVR I0 tp
I = 10 m I = 10 m I = 1 m
Pins 14 and 11 Pin 14
1.10
V %/K %/K
V16 = -1.2 V, fig. 6, Pin 16 VS = Vlimit, Pin 16 C3 = 3.3 nF, see figure 7,
150
mA ms
3 20
5
7.5 60
tp mV
6 (13)
Rev. A4, 23-Nov-00
U2010B
Electrical Characteristics (continued)
VS + -13 V, Tamb = 25C, reference point Pin 10, unless otherwise specified Parameter Transfer gain Output offset current Transfer gain Output offset currents Reference voltage Shunt voltage amplitude Load current limitation, High load switching Overload switching Restart switching Input current Output impedance Input voltage - auto-start Input current See figure 2 Pin 6-8 Threshold VT70, figure 13 Threshold VT100, figures 14, 15 Threshold VT25, figure 12 Enquiry mode Switching mode Pin 9 open V9 = 0 (amax) V9 = V8 (Imax) V6-8 v VT70 V6-8 w VT70 V6-8 v VT25 V13 = (V11+1)V Pin 13 V6-8 w VT100, I13 = 10 mA V6 v VT100 Open collector V6 w VT100 V6-8 w VT100, I13 = 10 mA Pins 11-13 Pin 13 Pin 13 Pin 13 VT70 VT100 VT25 Ii R0 -V9 -I9 I9 Vsat Vlim 2 3.8 5 5 0.5 7.0 4 4.3 10 10 0.75 7.4 4 5.8 1.25 4.35 6.2 1.55 4.7 6.6 1.85 1 8 4.7 20 20 1.0 7.8 V V V mA kW V mA mA V V Test Conditions / Pins Pin 15 Gi
"I0
Symbol
Min. 14
Typ. 17
Max. 20 2
Unit
Mains voltage compensation, see figure 10
I15/ I5 Pin 15/5 (Pins 1 and 2 open) V(R6) = V15 = V5 = 0 I5/150 mV, I6/150 mV Pin 5, Pin 6 - 8 I1, I2 = 100 mA Pins 1 and 2
mA mA/mV mA mV mV
Load-current detection, R1 = R2 = 3 kW, V15 = 0, V5 = V6 = V8, see figure 11 GI -I0 -VRef
"V(R6)
0.28 0 300
0.32 3
0.37 6 400 250
Programming input, see figure 2, Pin 9
High load output, VT70, see figure 13, I12 = -3 mA, Pin 11-12 Saturation voltages
Overload output, VT100, V9 = open or V9 = V10, see figure 14 Leakage current Saturation voltages Output current, max. load Leakage current Output impedance Saturation voltage Ilkg Vsat I13 Ilkg R0 V13-8 2 4 100 0.5 0.1 1 4 8 mA V mA mA kW mV
V9 = V8, see figure 14,Pin 13
Rev. A4, 23-Nov-00
7 (13)
U2010B
250
6.8 nF 200 33 nF 4.7 nF 10 nF
50 VS=-13V V6=V8
40
3.3 nF 2.2 nF
Phase angle a ( )
I 7 ( mA )
150 100 50 0 0 200 400 600 Ro (R8) ( kW ) 800 1000
30 Reference Point Pin 8 20 10 0 0 2.5 5.0 V7 ( V ) 7.5 10
Co/ t = 1.5 nF
Figure 5. Ramp control
120 100 80 IGT ( mA ) 60 40 20 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 RGT ( W ) V (V) 7 VGT=-1.2V 12
Figure 8. Soft-start charge current
Reference Point Pin 8 10 8 2.2mF 6 Co=10mF 4 2 0 0 2 4 t(s) 6 8 10 VS=-13V V6=V8 4.7mF 1mF
Figure 6. Pulse output
400 Dtp/DCo=9ms/nF 40 300 I 5 ( mA ) t p ( ms ) 80 0
Figure 9. Soft-start characteristic
200
120 100 160 Pins 1 and 2 open Vs=-13V 0 0 10 Co = ( nF ) 20 30 200 -2 -1 0 I15 ( mA ) 1 2 Reference Point Pin 10
Figure 7. Output pulse width
Figure 10. Mains voltage compensation
8 (13)
Rev. A4, 23-Nov-00
U2010B
200 V6=VRef=V8 VS=-13V V15=V10=0V Reference Point Pin 8 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 -400 -200 0 V(R6) ( mV ) 200 400 0 2 4 t(s) 6 VT100 8 10 VS=-13V V9=V8 Reference Points: V13=Pin 10 V6=Pin 8 160
120
80 40 0
-V 13-10 ( V )
I5 ( mA )
Figure 11. Load-current detection
20 VS=-13V Pin 9 open Reference Points: V13=Pin 10, V6=Pin 8 20
Figure 14. Overload switching
16 -V 13-10 ( V )
16 V13-10 ( V )
VS=-13V V9=V10 Reference Points: V13=Pin 10, V6=Pin 8
12
12
8 4 0 0 VT25 2 4 VT100 6 V6-8 ( V ) 8 10
8 4 0 0 2 4 VT100 6 V6-8 ( V ) 8 10
Figure 12. Restart switching auto start mode
10 I12=-3mA 8 V 11-12 ( V ) 8 10
Figure 15. Load limitation
PV ( W ) Reference Point Pin 8 VT70 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
6
6
4 2 0 V6 ( V )
4 2 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 R1 ( kW )
Figure 13. High load switching (70%)
Figure 16. Power dissipation of R1
Rev. A4, 23-Nov-00
9 (13)
U2010B
10 100 8 R 1max (k W ) 80
PV ( W )
6
VM = 230 VX
60 VM=230VX 40 20 0
4 2 0 0 3 6 9 IS ( mA ) 12 15
0
2
4
6 IS ( mA )
8
10
Figure 17. Power dissipation of R1 according to current consumption
Figure 18. Maximum resistance of R1
10 (13)
Rev. A4, 23-Nov-00
Rev. A4, 23-Nov-00
Figure 19. Application circuit
Application Circuit
230 V ~ L R2 330 kW Load
18 k W/2 W R1 470 kW 1 MW R9 15 Limiting detector Voltage detector 14 R8
D1 BYT51K amax a max 13 Overload Mains voltage compensation 12
D3 LED C1 22 mF VS 11 Supply voltage 10 GND
High load
Automatic retriggering Output TIC 226 R3 180 W 16 Current detector
100%
70%
A amax B Auto- start Imax C R 12 9 S1 A B C
Phase control unit o = f(V4 )
-
1
2
+
Full wave rectifier
Programmable overload protection
Voltage monitoring 1 Load current detector 2
220 kW
U2010B
BC308
R4 3.3 kW
Level shift 3 4 5 6
Soft start 7
Reference voltage 8
T1
D2 1N4148
R6
^ V (R6) = "250 mV R5 3.3 kW C3 10 nF
C5 0.1 mF 0.15 mF C4 R 10
R 11 1 MW Overload threshold
C2 4.7 mF
U2010B
R 14
R7 8.2 kW P1 50 kW Set point
C7 1 mF R 13 100 kW
C6 1m F
11 (13)
N
Load current compensation
100 kW
U2010B
Package Information
Package DIP16
Dimensions in mm
20.0 max 7.82 7.42
4.8 max 6.4 max 0.5 min 3.3 1.64 1.44 Alternative 16 0.58 0.48 17.78 0.39 max 9.75 8.15
2.54
9
technical drawings according to DIN specifications
1
8
Package SO16
Dimensions in mm
10.0 9.85 5.2 4.8 3.7
1.4 0.4 1.27 8.89 16 9 0.25 0.10 0.2 3.8 6.15 5.85
technical drawings according to DIN specifications
1
8
12 (13)
Rev. A4, 23-Nov-00
U2010B
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It is the policy of Atmel Germany GmbH to 1. Meet all present and future national and international statutory requirements. 2. Regularly and continuously improve the performance of our products, processes, distribution and operating systems with respect to their impact on the health and safety of our employees and the public, as well as their impact on the environment. It is particular concern to control or eliminate releases of those substances into the atmosphere which are known as ozone depleting substances (ODSs). The Montreal Protocol (1987) and its London Amendments (1990) intend to severely restrict the use of ODSs and forbid their use within the next ten years. Various national and international initiatives are pressing for an earlier ban on these substances. Atmel Germany GmbH has been able to use its policy of continuous improvements to eliminate the use of ODSs listed in the following documents. 1. Annex A, B and list of transitional substances of the Montreal Protocol and the London Amendments respectively 2. Class I and II ozone depleting substances in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the USA 3. Council Decision 88/540/EEC and 91/690/EEC Annex A, B and C (transitional substances) respectively. Atmel Germany GmbH can certify that our semiconductors are not manufactured with ozone depleting substances and do not contain such substances.
We reserve the right to make changes to improve technical design and may do so without further notice. Parameters can vary in different applications. All operating parameters must be validated for each customer application by the customer. Should the buyer use Atmel Wireless & Microcontrollers products for any unintended or unauthorized application, the buyer shall indemnify Atmel Wireless & Microcontrollers against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal damage, injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use. Data sheets can also be retrieved from the Internet: http://www.atmel-wm.com
Atmel Germany GmbH, P.O.B. 3535, D-74025 Heilbronn, Germany Telephone: 49 (0)7131 67 2594, Fax number: 49 (0)7131 67 2423
Rev. A4, 23-Nov-00
13 (13)

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